A dog loose in a car is a distraction at best and a projectile in a crash at worst. Rule 57 of the Highway Code requires dogs and other animals to be suitably restrained so they cannot distract the driver or injure anyone if the car stops suddenly. It is not an offence in itself, but driving without due care because of an unrestrained dog can be, and an insurer may question a claim. More importantly, a properly restrained dog is far more likely to walk away from an accident.
Restraint options compared
Crash-tested car harness
A harness with a short tether that clips into the seat-belt buckle or wraps around the belt. Look specifically for independent crash testing; many “car harnesses” are ordinary walking harnesses with a tether and have not been tested at all. Best for medium and large dogs that travel on the back seat.
Travel crate
A rigid crate secured in the boot of an estate or SUV, or on the back seat of a smaller car, is the safest option for most dogs when it is properly anchored. Soft crates are lighter but offer little protection. The crate should be large enough to lie down and turn in, no larger.
Boot guard or dog guard
A barrier between the boot and the seats keeps the dog in the boot area. Good for large dogs in estates, but the dog can still be thrown around within the boot in a collision, so combine it with a non-slip mat and ideally a crate for long journeys.
Carrier
For small dogs, a well-ventilated hard carrier secured with the seat belt is simple and safe. It also works for taxis and trains.
Making journeys calmer
- Start with the car stationary: let the dog sit in it with the engine off, then on, then for a trip round the block, rewarding calm behaviour each time.
- Feed a light meal two to three hours before leaving, not immediately before, to reduce sickness.
- Keep the car cool and well ventilated; a sun shade on the window beside the dog helps in summer.
- Stop every two hours on long journeys for water, a toilet break and a short walk on the lead.
- Bring a familiar blanket or bed that smells of home.
What to pack
Pet Travel Checklist
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Dog travel checklist
Cat travel checklist
Never leave a pet alone in a parked car, even for a few minutes — cars heat up dangerously fast.
Travel sickness
Puppies are especially prone to car sickness because their inner ear is still developing, and many grow out of it. Short, positive trips, facing forward, good airflow and an empty-ish stomach all help. If sickness persists in an adult dog, your vet can advise on medication for longer journeys.
Frequently asked questions
Is it illegal to drive with a dog loose in the car in the UK?
Not directly, but Rule 57 of the Highway Code requires dogs to be suitably restrained, and you can be prosecuted for careless or dangerous driving if a loose dog contributes to an incident. Insurance claims may also be affected.
Can my dog sit in the front seat?
It is legal if the dog is restrained, but the back seat or boot is safer because of the airbag. If a dog must travel in the front, switch the passenger airbag off if your car allows it and slide the seat back.
Can a dog travel on my lap?
No. A dog on the driver’s lap is a clear case of driving without proper control. On a passenger’s lap the dog is unrestrained and at serious risk in a crash.
How long can a dog travel in a car?
With breaks every two hours or so for water and a leg stretch, most healthy adult dogs cope with long journeys. Puppies and older dogs need more frequent stops.
